疫情肆虐，人命關(guān)天。病毒是人類的共同敵人，全世界都應(yīng)該攜手共同應(yīng)對疫情挑戰(zhàn)。然而以美國為代表的西方一些政客和媒體不把精力放在抗擊疫情上面，卻費(fèi)勁心機(jī)“甩鍋”中國，編造了各種匪夷所思的謊言。一時間，謊言、謠傳和陰謀論甚囂塵上。來看看新冠肺炎疫情中關(guān)于中國的18個最常見謠言和事實(shí)真相。
With the COVID-19 pandemic affecting different parts of the world, the virus has become the common enemy of mankind. The world should stand in solidarity to combat the pandemic. However, some Western politicians and media, especially those from the United States, came up with groundless lies. Disinformation, rumors and conspiracy theories about China were making a great clamor. Here are the 18 most common allegations against China and the corresponding facts.
謠言1：“中國是病毒源頭，新冠病毒是‘中國病毒’”
真相：新冠病毒源頭尚未確定，病毒命名不得與特定國家相聯(lián)系
Allegation No.1: China is the origin of COVID-19. It is the “Chinese virus.”
Fact: The origin of COVID-19 remains uncertain. The name of a virus should not be associated with specific countries or regions.
新冠病毒源自何處，這是一個嚴(yán)肅的科學(xué)問題，應(yīng)由科學(xué)家而非政治家來解答。歷史上最初病例的報告地往往不是病毒來源地。醫(yī)學(xué)期刊《國際抗菌劑雜志》刊文稱新冠病毒2019年12月底已在法國傳播，且該病例與中國缺乏關(guān)聯(lián)。世衛(wèi)組織指出，“各國科研人員正在努力尋找新冠病毒來源”，因此新冠病毒最先出現(xiàn)在哪里尚沒有定論，有多種可能。
The origin of COVID-19 is a scientific issue which should be determined by scientists instead of politicians. Where the disease was first reported in history was often not the place it originated. The article in the medical journal International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents says that COVID-19 was already spreading in France in late December 2019, and the case is not related to China. WHO points out that scientists are still researching the origin of the virus. It remains unclear where COVID-19 first appeared.
關(guān)于病毒命名，世衛(wèi)組織早在2015年就出臺人類傳染病和病原體命名相關(guān)建議，指出應(yīng)避免使用地名、國名和人物、動物名稱及可能引發(fā)恐慌的概念。今年2月，世衛(wèi)組織宣布將新冠肺炎正式命名為“2019冠狀病毒病”（COVID—19）。許多西方主流媒體報道，由于將亞裔群體與新冠病毒不當(dāng)關(guān)聯(lián)，美國亞裔面臨嚴(yán)重排外情緒，屢屢受到種族歧視的騷擾和攻擊。英國《自然》期刊4月連發(fā)三次社論，對錯誤地將新冠病毒與武漢和中國關(guān)聯(lián)在一起道歉，呼吁立即停止新冠病毒污名化，避免將病毒與特定位置相關(guān)聯(lián)的不負(fù)責(zé)任行為。
As for naming new human diseases and viruses, WHO guidelines advise against including geographic locations and cultural/population references in the disease name. In February 2020, WHO announced the official names of the novel coronavirus and the disease it causes – SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. According to some Western media reports, anti-Asian racism is on the rise due to the improper correlation between the virus and the Asians in the US. British journal Nature published three editorials in April, apologizing for falsely relating the virus to China and Wuhan. The magazine stands against COVID-19 stigmatization and irresponsible actions that associate viruses with specific locations.
謠言2：“新冠病毒系武漢病毒研究所人為制造”
真相：所有現(xiàn)有證據(jù)表明，新冠病毒源于自然而非人為制造
Allegation No.2: COVID-19 is man-made at the Wuhan Institute of Virology lab.
Fact: All scientific evidence indicates that the COVID-19 originates in nature rather than man-made.
“病毒人造論”遭到了國際權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)及多數(shù)病毒學(xué)、免疫學(xué)領(lǐng)域?qū)W者的批駁�！读~刀》《自然·醫(yī)學(xué)》等權(quán)威學(xué)術(shù)期刊都先后發(fā)文強(qiáng)調(diào)病毒源于自然。5月1日，世衛(wèi)組織衛(wèi)生緊急項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人邁克爾·瑞安表示，已有許多科學(xué)家研究了新冠肺炎病毒基因序列，確信新冠肺炎病毒來自自然界。法國免疫學(xué)家、新冠疫情科學(xué)委員會負(fù)責(zé)人讓-弗朗索瓦·德爾弗雷西表示，新冠病毒源自實(shí)驗(yàn)室的假設(shè)是“一種不屬于真正科學(xué)范疇的陰謀論觀點(diǎn)”。
The idea that the SARS-CoV-2 is man-made has been criticized by international agencies and scholars specialized in virology and immunology. Science journals, such as The Lancet and Nature Medicine, published articles proving SARS-CoV-2 is natural in origin. On May 1, Dr. Michael Ryan, executive director of the WHO Health Emergencies Program, said they have listened to numerous scientists who've looked at the sequences and they were assured that this virus is natural in origin. The hypothesis that the virus was created in a Wuhan lab is “a conspiracy vision that does not relate to the real science,” said Jean-Francois Delfraissy, a French immunologist and head of the scientific council that advises the government on the COVID-19 pandemic.
就連美國科學(xué)界和情報機(jī)構(gòu)也反對“病毒人造論”。美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院院長柯林斯發(fā)表博客文章指出，該病毒是自然產(chǎn)生的，并非人類創(chuàng)造，不是實(shí)驗(yàn)室的操作產(chǎn)物。4月30日，美國國家情報總監(jiān)辦公室官方網(wǎng)站發(fā)表聲明稱，美情報界同意科學(xué)界的廣泛共識，即新冠病毒不是人造，也未經(jīng)過基因改造。
Even US scientists and intelligence agencies stand against the “man-made virus theory”. Dr Francis Collins, director of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), said in a blog post that the SARS-CoV-2 originates from nature – it is not “a product of purposeful manipulation in a lab.” On April 30, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) said that US intelligence agencies were in the broad scientific consensus, saying that the SARS-CoV-2 was not man-made or genetically modified.
謠言3：“新冠病毒系武漢病毒研究所事故泄露”
真相：無證據(jù)表明武漢病毒研究所發(fā)生過病原泄露或人員感染事故
Allegation No.3: SARS-CoV-2 was accidentally leaked from the Wuhan Institute of Virology.
Fact: There is no evidence of pathogen leaks or staff infectionsin the Institute.
武漢病毒研究所P4實(shí)驗(yàn)室是中法政府合作項(xiàng)目，具有嚴(yán)格的防護(hù)設(shè)施和措施。在2019年12月30日接收新冠肺炎患者的首批檢測試樣前，并無證據(jù)表明武漢病毒研究所的實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)存在新冠病毒。截至目前，該研究所內(nèi)也無人感染新冠肺炎。
The P4 laboratory at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV) is a collaborative project with the French government. The lab is equipped with strict protective facilities and measures to ensure safety. There had been no SARS-CoV-2 in the lab until December 30, 2019 ,when the first COVID-19 patient specimens were delivered there. Up to now, no one in the WIV has become ill with COVID-19.
已與武漢病毒研究所合作長達(dá)15年的美國生態(tài)健康聯(lián)盟主席達(dá)什亞克博士（Peter Daszak）在接受采訪時表示，關(guān)于新冠病毒從實(shí)驗(yàn)室逃逸的說法純粹是胡說八道。武漢病毒研究所的實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)沒有與新冠病毒相關(guān)的病毒培養(yǎng)，所謂實(shí)驗(yàn)室泄漏絕無可能。美國國家過敏癥和傳染病研究所主任福奇也表示，現(xiàn)有證據(jù)顯示新冠病毒不是來自中國實(shí)驗(yàn)室。
Dr Peter Daszak, the president of the EcoHealth Alliance, who has been working with the Wuhan Institute of Virology for 15 years, said in an interview that the idea that SARS-CoV-2 escaped from the lab was pure nonsense. The Wuhan P4 Laboratory didn’t have the virus that led to COVID-19, and what has been found now are close relatives, not the same virus. So it’s not a possibility that the virus could have come from that lab. Anthony Fauci, the US NIAID director, also said that the best evidence shows the virus was not made in a lab in China.
謠言4：“中國人故意出國向世界散播病毒”
真相：中國在最短時間內(nèi)采取最嚴(yán)格防控措施，輸出病例很少
Allegation No.4: Chinese are going abroad to spread the virus to the rest of the world on purpose.
Fact: The Chinese government adopted the most strict prevention and control measures in a short time. Very few cases are exported abroad.
中國政府在疫情發(fā)生后及時采取了最全面、最嚴(yán)格、最徹底的防控措施，有效切斷了病毒傳播鏈。1月23日中國暫時關(guān)閉離漢通道。1月24日起，中國全國旅行社及在線旅游企業(yè)被要求暫停經(jīng)營團(tuán)隊(duì)旅游及“機(jī)票+酒店”旅游產(chǎn)品。1月24日至4月8日武漢無商業(yè)航班，亦無列車離漢。不可能有武漢居民在此期間前往海外。
Once the outbreak occurred, the Chinese government took the most comprehensive, strict, and thorough prevention and control measures in modern history, which effectively cut off virus transmission channels. On January 23, China temporarily put Wuhan under lockdown. Since January 24, travel agencies and online travel companies in China were required to suspend operating most travel services and products. From January 24 to April 8, there were no outbound commercial flights or train services. Wuhan residents couldn’t travel overseas during this period as well.
從全球看，統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示中國輸出病例很少。加拿大幾個大省疫情統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，病毒系由美國旅行者傳入加拿大。俄羅斯輸入病例無一例來自中國。澳大利亞衛(wèi)生部數(shù)據(jù)顯示，從東北亞輸入病例所占比重極小。新加坡從中國輸入病例不及從其他國家輸入的1/10。
Statistics show that very few cases are exported from China. Data in several major Canadian provinces show that the COVID-19 was brought into Canada by American travelers. None of the Russian cases were imported from China. Data from Australian Department of Health shows that the proportion of imported cases from Northeast Asia was extremely small. In Singapore, cases imported from China were less than one-tenth of those from other countries.
謠言5：“中國早期隱瞞疫情導(dǎo)致疫情在世界蔓延”
真相：中國本著公開、透明、負(fù)責(zé)任態(tài)度，第一時間對外發(fā)布了信息
Allegation No.5: China’s initial cover-up led to the spread of the virus globally.
Fact: China lost no time in announcing related COVID-19 information in an open, transparent and responsible manner.
2019年12月27日，湖北省中西醫(yī)結(jié)合醫(yī)院呼吸與危重癥醫(yī)學(xué)科主任張繼先醫(yī)生第一時間報告其接診的3例不明原因肺炎患者情況。這是中國地方部門首次報告可疑病例。
On December 27, 2019, Dr Zhang Jixian, director of the respiratory and critical care medicine department of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, reported three cases of pneumonia of unknown cause immediately after receiving the patients. This is the first reporting of suspected cases received by local authorities in China.
開展流行病學(xué)調(diào)查三天后，2019年12月31日，武漢市衛(wèi)健委發(fā)布《關(guān)于當(dāng)前我市肺炎疫情的情況通報》。當(dāng)天，中國向世衛(wèi)組織駐華代表處通報了武漢出現(xiàn)不明原因肺炎病例信息。對中國醫(yī)生和衛(wèi)生部門在流感季節(jié)迅速發(fā)現(xiàn)新冠病毒，世衛(wèi)組織總干事譚德塞和首席科學(xué)家斯瓦米納桑在《柳葉刀》撰文表示高度贊賞。
Three days after the epidemiological investigation, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission released a situation report on pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan. On the same day, China informed the WHO China Country Office of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause detected in Wuhan. The WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus and Dr Soumya Swaminathan wrote in a paper on the Lancet, praising Chinese doctors and health departments for their rapid discovery of the new coronavirus during the flu season.
需要指出的是，新冠病毒是新發(fā)現(xiàn)的病毒，在疫情初期，幾乎沒有任何可供借鑒的科學(xué)依據(jù)，證明這種新型病毒可能會導(dǎo)致危險的大流行病。正如鐘南山院士在1月20日接受采訪時所說，“疾病有時對它的認(rèn)知有個過程，現(xiàn)在檢測能夠比較快地檢出來；專家在研判的過程中，以前是國家部門嚴(yán)格地鑒定以后才可以，現(xiàn)在兩次檢測有陽性就可以定。新發(fā)疾病在早期是有一個過程的�！�
SARS-CoV-2 is a newly discovered virus. In the early stage of the outbreak, there was little evidence proving that it could cause a pandemic. “It takes time to recognize a new disease. During the research process, only after strict authentication of government agencies, can experts be sure of the testing results. Now after recognizing the virus, the testing process is simplified. If the patient is tested positive twice, the case is confirmed,” China’s top respiratory expert Zhong Nanshan said in an interview on January 20.
2020年1月3日，中方開始定期向世衛(wèi)組織、包括美國在內(nèi)的有關(guān)國家以及中國港澳臺地區(qū)及時、主動通報疫情信息。中國自始至終公開、透明、及時、負(fù)責(zé)任地應(yīng)對、通報疫情，世衛(wèi)組織稱贊“中方行動速度之快、規(guī)模之大，世所罕見”。
On January 3, 2020, China began sending regular, timely updates about the novel coronavirus to WHO, other countries including the United States, and China’s Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions. China has responded and notified the world about the epidemic in an open, transparent, timely, and responsible manner. WHO said that “the high speed and massive scale of China's moves are rarely seen in the world.”
謠言6：“中國在應(yīng)對疫情中嚴(yán)重侵犯人權(quán)”
真相：中國在疫情面前捍衛(wèi)了“最關(guān)鍵人權(quán)”——人的生命
Allegation No.6: China seriously violated human rights in its handling of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Fact: China has put human lives at priority, which is the top “human right.”
生命權(quán)是最基本的人權(quán)，為聯(lián)合國《世界人權(quán)宣言》和國際人權(quán)公約所確認(rèn)和保障。多米尼加共和國科學(xué)院院士愛德華多·克林格說：“中國政府采取了堅(jiān)決有力且對世界人民負(fù)責(zé)的措施防止疫情擴(kuò)散。有人叫囂這是‘侵犯人權(quán)’，純屬無稽之談。”
The right to life is the most fundamental human right, confirmed and guaranteed by the UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Bill of Human Rights. Eduardo Klinger, academician of the Dominican Republic Academy of Sciences, noted that the Chinese government adopted measures that are decisive and responsible for the people around the world to curb the spread of the virus, and the theory of the so-called human right violations is total nonsense.
英國倫敦市經(jīng)濟(jì)與商業(yè)政策署前署長羅思義撰文一語中的，中國在疫情面前捍衛(wèi)了“最關(guān)鍵人權(quán)”——人的生命�！犊茖W(xué)》雜志研究報告預(yù)估，中國嚴(yán)格的防控措施使中國減少了超過70萬的感染者。在國內(nèi)，中國政府嚴(yán)格防控，不計(jì)成本收治患者。在國際上，中國以實(shí)際行動開展抗疫合作、提供援助。中國對國際人權(quán)事業(yè)作出的貢獻(xiàn)有目共睹。
John Ross, former director of Economic and Business Policy for the Mayor of London, said that China has defended “the key human right” in the lethal epidemic – helping people stay alive. The findings published in the journal Science suggest that China's control measures during the epidemic may have prevented more than 700,000 infections nationwide. The Chinese government strictly controls and treats patients regardless of cost. Internationally, China has carried out concrete anti-virus cooperation and assistance. China's contributions to international human rights are obvious.
謠言7：“中國太晚提供關(guān)于病毒人傳人的信息”
真相：中方發(fā)出的信息及時且強(qiáng)烈，美方早就知曉病毒危害性
Allegation No.7: China did not report the human-to-human transmission of COVID-19 in time.
Fact: China issued strong warnings in a timely manner. The US knew the danger of the virus all along.
新冠病毒是新發(fā)現(xiàn)的病毒。確定一種新型病毒可以人傳人，需要一個科學(xué)、嚴(yán)格的論證程序。1月9日，中方專家組已通過媒體確認(rèn)病例病原體初步判定為新型冠狀病毒。1月20日，國家衛(wèi)健委高級別專家組向媒體通報，新冠病毒可人傳人。
SARS-CoV-2 is a newly discovered virus. It takes scientific effort and rigorous process to prove whether the virus can be transmitted from person to person. On January 20, China's National Health Commission informed the media that the novel coronavirus could be transmitted from person to person.
中國政府立即采取了最為嚴(yán)格、全面、徹底的防控措施。1月23日，1200萬人口的武漢封城。1月25日，6000萬人口的湖北省封省。中國以令人震撼的方式向世人發(fā)出強(qiáng)烈預(yù)警信息。
The Chinese government immediately adopted the most stringent, comprehensive, and thorough prevention and control measures. On January 23, China put Wuhan, a city of 12 million people, under lockdown. Hubei Province, with a population of 60 million, was locked down on January 25. China sent a strong and powerful warning to the world in an alarming way.
美方對病毒危害性一直了如指掌。美國是第一個從武漢撤出其領(lǐng)館人員、也是第一個宣布對中國公民入境采取全面限制措施的國家。今年1月以來，白宮和多個政府部門公共衛(wèi)生專家一再警告疫情的嚴(yán)重性，但白宮官員基調(diào)一直是“不要恐慌”。然而，直到3月初，美政府才嚴(yán)肅承認(rèn)美國內(nèi)新冠肺炎疫情危險性和嚴(yán)重性。
The US has been well aware of the danger of the virus all along. It was the first country to pull out personnel from its consulate-general in Wuhan and the first to announce entry restrictions on all Chinese citizens. Since January, public health experts repeatedly warned about the epidemic, but the White House officials responded by repeating “don't panic." It was not until early March that the US government recognized the danger and severity of the epidemic situation in the US.
謠言8：“中國在確診和病亡等疫情數(shù)據(jù)上造假”
真相：中方數(shù)據(jù)完全公開透明，數(shù)據(jù)低是因?yàn)榉揽貒?yán)
Allegation No.8: China provided false data on confirmed cases and deaths of COVID-19.
Fact: China’s data sharing is open and transparent. The low figures are due to strict prevention and control measures.
中國全國的確診和死亡病例數(shù)為什么較低？這要?dú)w功于中國政府及時采取了最全面、最嚴(yán)格、最徹底的防控措施。連世界衛(wèi)生組織總干事譚德塞也感嘆：“我一生中從未見過這樣的動員。”
China’s relatively low confirmed cases and fatalities are due to the country’s comprehensive, strict, and thorough prevention and control measures. Tedros commented that he had never seen this kind of mobilization in his life.
4月17日，武漢市訂正確診和病亡人數(shù)，美國一些政客借此指責(zé)中國掩蓋了前期大量病例的證據(jù)。孰不知，訂正數(shù)據(jù)是國際通行做法。其他一些國家也在不斷對疫情數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行訂正，美國自己也在不斷訂正。武漢市按照有關(guān)規(guī)定，經(jīng)過仔細(xì)排查核對，主動訂正有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，是中國秉持公開、透明、負(fù)責(zé)任原則的力證。
On April 17, the Wuhan government revised the city's confirmed cases and accumulated death tolls. Some US politicians regarded that as evidence of China covering up a large number of early cases. However, revising data is an internationally accepted practice. Some other countries are continually revising their data, and the US itself is continually revising. Wuhan revised the relevant data, providing strong proof of China upholding the principles of openness, transparency, and responsibility in data releasing.
事實(shí)上，中國戰(zhàn)疫過程全程公開，從1月起，中國每天公布確診病例、病亡人數(shù)、疑似病例、密切接觸者、隔離觀察人員。世界衛(wèi)生組織總干事高級顧問布魯斯·艾爾沃德指出：“中國沒有隱瞞數(shù)據(jù)，世衛(wèi)組織赴華專家組展開的多項(xiàng)考察都可以證明�！币敶髮W(xué)教授克里斯塔基斯也表示，自己的論文結(jié)果證實(shí)了中國病例數(shù)報告的準(zhǔn)確性。
China’s actions in responding to COVID-19 are transparent. Since January, China has announced the confirmed cases, fatalities, suspected cases, close contacts, and quarantine numbers. Dr. Bruce Aylward, a senior advisor to the WHO director-general, noted in an interview that China is not hiding anything. And the data he collected through talks with physicians from various hospitals and other stakeholders could help corroborate China’s data. Yale Professor Nicholas A Christakis also said that his research sheds light on accuracy of Chinese COVID-19 reporting.
謠言9：“中國驅(qū)逐美國記者是為了隱藏疫情”
真相：中方措施是對美方打壓中方駐美媒體機(jī)構(gòu)的反制，中方信息發(fā)布及時透明
Allegation No. 9: China expelled US journalists to hide the COVID-19 epidemic.
Fact：China's measures are in response to the US oppression of Chinese media outlets in the US, and the country’s release of informationhas been timely and transparent.
3月18日，中國宣布針對美方打壓中國媒體駐美機(jī)構(gòu)行為采取反制措施，包括要求《紐約時報》、《華爾街日報》、《華盛頓郵報》年底前記者證到期的美籍記者于10天內(nèi)交還記者證，今后不得在中華人民共和國，包括香港、澳門特別行政區(qū)繼續(xù)從事記者工作。中方措施是對美方長期打壓中方駐美媒體機(jī)構(gòu)、特別是近期驅(qū)逐60名中方記者的對等反制，而不是所謂的“為了隱藏疫情”。
On March 18, China announced that it would take countermeasures against US oppression of Chinese media outlets in the US, including demanding that journalists of US citizenship working with the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal and the Washington Post whose press credentials are due to expire before the end of 2020 hand back their press cards within 10 calendar days. They will not be allowed to continue working as journalists in the People's Republic of China, including its Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions. China's measures are a reciprocal response to the US long-term crackdown on Chinese media outlets in the US, especially the recent expulsion of 60 Chinese journalists, rather than "hiding the epidemic."
自疫情發(fā)生以來，中方秉持公開、透明和負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度，每天在網(wǎng)上向外界公布疫情數(shù)據(jù)。外國駐華記者每個工作日都可出席國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制、國務(wù)院新聞辦、外交部組織的例行記者會，就任何關(guān)心的與疫情相關(guān)的問題提問。大批外國駐華記者在武漢采訪，發(fā)表大量第一手報道，外界獲取中國有關(guān)疫情信息未受任何影響。中方始終歡迎各國媒體和記者依法依規(guī)在中國從事采訪報道工作，中方反對的是針對中國的意識形態(tài)偏見，反對的是借所謂新聞自由炮制假新聞，反對的是違反新聞職業(yè)道德的行為。
Since the outbreak, China has been open, transparent and responsible, in updating the public on a daily basis on the COVID-19 situation on the Internet. Foreign correspondents in China can attend regular press conferences organized by the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council, the State Council Information Office and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs every working day to ask questions about any issue related to the outbreak. A large number of foreign journalists in Wuhan interviewed and published abundant first-hand reports. Foreign access to information about the outbreak in China has not been affected. China always welcomes media outlets and journalists of various countries to conduct interviews and reports in China in accordance with laws and regulations. China opposes ideological bias, the use of so-called freedom of the press to fabricate fake news, and violations of journalistic ethics.
謠言10：“臺灣早就向世衛(wèi)組織發(fā)出病毒人傳人的警告”
真相：中國臺灣地區(qū)并未向世衛(wèi)組織發(fā)出警告，而是在武漢衛(wèi)健委發(fā)出疫情通報后向世衛(wèi)組織尋求更多信息
Allegation No. 10: Taiwan warned WHO about human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at an early stage.
Fact: China's Taiwan region did not warn WHO, but sought more information from the organization after Wuhan Municipal Health Commission reported the disease.
武漢市2019年12月31日對外發(fā)布不明原因肺炎疫情情況通報后，臺衛(wèi)生部門向國家衛(wèi)健委發(fā)函了解武漢衛(wèi)健委發(fā)布的信息，國家衛(wèi)健委通過兩岸醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生合作協(xié)議聯(lián)系窗口及時予以了書面回復(fù)。同日，臺衛(wèi)生部門向世衛(wèi)組織發(fā)送所謂“預(yù)警”郵件。該郵件未提及“人傳人”，主要是向世衛(wèi)組織了解情況。事實(shí)很清楚，大陸方面首先公布信息，臺衛(wèi)生部門再進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述，不存在所謂臺灣首先向世衛(wèi)組織報告的情況。
After Wuhan reported cases of pneumonia of unknown cause on December 31, 2019, the local health department in Taiwan sent a letter to the National Health Commission (NHC) inquiring about the information released by the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission. The NHC promptly made a written reply through the designated contact points specified in the Cross-Strait Cooperation Agreement on Medicine and Public Health Affairs. On the same day, the health department in Taiwan sent the so-called “warning email” to WHO. The email made no reference to human-to-human transmission. It was primarily an inquiry about information from WHO. The facts are clear. It was the mainland of China who first released the information, and the health department in Taiwan merely relayed the message. Taiwan did not make a report to the WHO first.
世衛(wèi)組織多次澄清，中國臺灣地區(qū)沒有向其“示警”。5月4日，世衛(wèi)組織衛(wèi)生緊急項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人邁克爾·瑞安表示，臺灣2019年12月31日發(fā)給世衛(wèi)組織的電子郵件不是警告，而是要求世衛(wèi)組織就媒體報道的非典型肺炎提供更多信息。不明白為什么這個故事還在流傳。
WHO has repeatedly clarified that Taiwan did not give it a “warning.” Dr. Michael Ryan, executive director of the WHO Health Emergencies Program, clarified on May 4 that the email sent from Taiwan on December 31, 2019 was not a warning, but a request for more information on cases of atypical pneumonia reported by news sources. He doesn't understand why the story is still spreading.
謠言11:“中國拉攏控制世界衛(wèi)生組織”
真相：中國同世衛(wèi)組織保持良好溝通、合作，但中國從未操控世衛(wèi)組織
Allegation No. 11: China bribes and controls WHO.
Fact: China maintains good communication and cooperation with WHO, but China has never manipulated the organization.
世衛(wèi)組織是由194個聯(lián)合國會員國組成的獨(dú)立國際組織。世衛(wèi)組織專家團(tuán)隊(duì)由來自醫(yī)學(xué)和公共健康領(lǐng)域的專家組成。包括中國在內(nèi)的大多數(shù)成員國都明確支持世衛(wèi)組織總干事譚德塞的工作。長期以來，中國同世衛(wèi)組織保持良好溝通、合作，但中國從未操控世衛(wèi)組織。
WHO is a specialized UN agency with 194 member states. WHO's team of experts are authorities from the medical and public health fields. Most member states, including China, explicitly support the work of WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. China has long maintained good communication and cooperation with WHO, but China has never controlled WHO.
在世衛(wèi)組織中占主導(dǎo)地位的并不是中國。在4月14日美國宣布暫停繳納世衛(wèi)組織會費(fèi)前，美國是世衛(wèi)組織最大資金來源國。根據(jù)世衛(wèi)組織官方信息，會員費(fèi)目前僅占該組織資金來源的不到四分之一，剩下的資金來自自愿捐贈。如將這兩個資金來源綜合來看，中國是第九大出資國。在世衛(wèi)組織21人總部領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團(tuán)隊(duì)中，只有1位中國成員，而11位來自美國、歐盟、加拿大、澳大利亞。
It is not China that dominates the WHO. The United States was WHO's largest funder before it announced it would halt funding on April 14. According to WHO official information, membership fees currently account for less than a quarter of the organization's funding, with the rest coming from voluntary donations. If voluntary contributions are taken into account, China is only the 9th biggest contributor. Eleven members on its 21-strong headquarters leadership team are from the US, the EU, Canada and Australia, and only one is from China.
謠言12：“中國對新冠肺炎病毒全球大流行負(fù)有責(zé)任”
真相：要求中國為疫情負(fù)責(zé)、賠償，于法無據(jù)、于理不通
Allegation No. 12: China is responsible for the global spread of the pandemic.
Fact: The claim that China is responsible and should compensate for the pandemic is legally unfounded and unreasonable.
疫情是天災(zāi)，中國同其他國家一樣，都是受害者。突發(fā)大規(guī)模流行疾病是世界公共衛(wèi)生事件，不存在所謂疫情首發(fā)國的“國家責(zé)任”問題。對于所謂“中國負(fù)責(zé)賠償論”，外交部發(fā)言人耿爽質(zhì)問：“2009年H1N1流感首先在美國確診并大面積暴發(fā)，蔓延到214個國家和地區(qū)，導(dǎo)致近20萬人死亡，有誰讓美國賠償了嗎？”
COVID-19 is a natural, not man-made, disaster. China, like other countries, is a victim, not a culprit. A pandemic is a global public health emergency. There is no such a thing as “state responsibility” of the first country to report cases. The 2009 H1N1 influenza virus was first detected in people in the United States and has since spread to 214 countries and regions around the world, claiming nearly 200,000 lives globally, but the international community has never demanded that the US take responsibility or pay reparations, said Geng Shuang, China’s Foreign Ministry spokesperson.
國際上沒有哪條法律支持向首先報告疫情的國家追責(zé)，中國的防疫抗疫行為也沒有違反任何國際法。在這次疫情中，中方國際通報的渠道快速、及時、公開、透明，采取的諸多防控舉措也遠(yuǎn)超《國際衛(wèi)生條例》要求。俄羅斯外交部長拉夫羅夫表示，索賠說法令人“毛骨悚然”，不可接受。
Internationally, there is no legal basis to hold the countries that first reported the outbreak accountable. China's disease prevention and control measures have not violated any international laws either. In this outbreak, China's channels of releasing information were fast, timely, open and transparent, and many prevention and control measures went far beyond the requirements of the International Health Regulations. Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said his hair stood on end when he heard the allegations that China will have to pay and such claims are completely unacceptable.
謠言13:“中國防疫搞區(qū)別對待，歧視非洲公民”
真相：中方防控舉措堅(jiān)持中外一視同仁，反對任何針對特定人群的差異性做法
Allegation No. 13: China took discriminatory measures against Africans in its virus-hit cities.
Fact: China’s COVID-19 response measures apply to both Chinese and foreigners without discrimination. China opposes any differentiated anti-virus practices that target specific groups of people.
4月24日，針對所謂“非洲人在廣州遭受歧視”等謠言，中國駐南非大使館在南主流媒體上發(fā)表《警惕別有用心的謠言干擾中非友好關(guān)系發(fā)展》的署名文章。文章指出，為保護(hù)所有中外人員健康安全，廣州市近期升級了防控舉措。廣州市對所有高風(fēng)險人群進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)排查和全面檢測，對所有入境乘客實(shí)施14天強(qiáng)制隔離，共對1.5萬人實(shí)施居家或集中隔離，其中中國人近1萬人，外國人有4600多人。外國人中既有非洲國家僑民，也有美、澳、俄等13國公民，絕對不是“歧視非洲”。
In response to allegations that African citizens were discriminated against in Guangzhou, the Chinese Embassy in South Africa on April 24 published a signed article in the mainstream media of South Africa titled "Be Vigilant of the Virus of Evil Rumours to Sabotage China-Africa Friendship." The article pointed out that, in order to protect the health and safety of all Chinese and foreign nationals, Guangzhou upgraded its prevention and control measures, including prioritized and comprehensive testing of all high-risk groups, 14-day compulsory quarantine of all inbound passengers, and requiring 15,000 people to stay at home or go to designated places for collective quarantine. Nearly 10,000 of the quarantined are Chinese citizens, and more than 4,600 are foreigners, including African nationals, as well as foreign nationals from another 13 countries such as the US, Australia and Russia. There is no such thing as "discrimination against Africans."
針對“尼日利亞公民在廣州遭到不當(dāng)對待”等不實(shí)傳言，尼方進(jìn)行了澄清，尼日利亞外交部長奧尼亞馬表示，在廣州接受隔離的尼日利亞公民得到妥善安排。非洲國家駐穗領(lǐng)團(tuán)團(tuán)長4月18日表示，廣東省和廣州市采取了多項(xiàng)舉措，保障非洲國家在粵僑民的合法權(quán)益。部分非洲駐華使節(jié)則表示，任何外部勢力，無論出于什么企圖，采取什么手段，都無法阻擋非中友好關(guān)系發(fā)展。
Nigerian Foreign Minister Geoffrey Onyeama has rejected rumors about Nigerian citizens being treated improperly in Guangzhou, saying that Nigerians undergoing quarantine there have been treated properly. On April 18, the dean of the African Consulate Corps in Guangzhou confirmed that Guangdong Province and Guangzhou city have taken multiple steps to protect the rights and interests of African expatriates there.
Some African envoys in China have noted that the profound friendship between Africa and China has stood the test of vicissitudes and that no external force can stop it from growing further.
謠言14: “中國黑客間諜試圖竊取美國疫苗研究成果”
真相：中國堅(jiān)決反對網(wǎng)絡(luò)黑客攻擊行為，新冠疫苗研究走在世界前列
Allegation No. 14: Hackers from China tried to steal US vaccine research results.
Fact: China firmly opposes cyber hacking, and China is already at the forefront of the global race to develop a COVID-19 vaccine.
中國歷來堅(jiān)決反對并依法打擊一切形式的網(wǎng)絡(luò)黑客攻擊行為。反觀美國，從“維基解密”到“斯諾登事件”，再到最近的“瑞士加密機(jī)事件”，美方至今沒有也無法給國際社會一個交代。事實(shí)已經(jīng)一再證明，美國長期以來對外國政府、企業(yè)和個人實(shí)施大規(guī)模、有組織、無差別的網(wǎng)絡(luò)竊密與監(jiān)聽，中國也深受其害。
China has always resolutely opposed and cracked down on all forms of cyber attacks. On the contrary, the United States has been involved in many spying scandals such as the WikiLeaks, Edward Snowden and the Swiss Crypto AG incidents, and it has not yet given any explanation to the international community.
Facts have repeatedly proved that the US has been organizing large-scale and indiscriminate cyber spying against foreign governments, enterprises, and individuals for many years. China is also one of its victims.
中國在新冠病毒疫苗研發(fā)方面起步早、投入高、進(jìn)度快，并且始終秉承開放合作的理念。疫情暴發(fā)后中國選擇了5條技術(shù)路線加快推進(jìn)新冠病毒疫苗研發(fā)，覆蓋了全球在研新冠病毒疫苗的主要類型。截至目前，中國已有多個新冠病毒疫苗獲批進(jìn)入臨床試驗(yàn)。近日我國科研團(tuán)隊(duì)在《科學(xué)》上發(fā)布新冠病毒疫苗動物實(shí)驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果。
China has played a leading role in COVID-19 vaccine research, starting early, with high investment, and rapid progress. China has always adhered to the principles of cooperation. Since the outbreak, China has been developing a COVID-19 vaccine using five technical routes, covering the major types of coronavirus vaccines being researched worldwide. So far, several COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for clinical trials in China. Recently, Chinese researchers published the results of animal experiments on a new COVID-19 vaccine in the journal Science.
謠言15:“中國對外抗疫援助只是為了擴(kuò)大地緣政治影響力”
真相：中國對外抗疫援助是投桃報李，是踐行人類命運(yùn)共同體理念
Allegation No. 15: China's foreign aid program aims to expand its geopolitical influence.
Fact: China ’s efforts to help other countries fight the pandemic is in return for their help and to practice the concept of building a community with shared future for mankind.
中華民族是懂得感恩、投桃報李的民族。中國人民不會忘記，在中方抗擊新冠肺炎疫情最困難的時刻，國際社會給了我們寶貴的支持和幫助。中國對外抗疫援助既是出于國際人道主義精神，更是源于人類命運(yùn)共同體的堅(jiān)定信念。
The Chinese nation knows how to be grateful and how to reciprocate. Chinese people will not forget the support they received from the international community in the darkest time of fighting the virus.
China's foreign assistance program is derived not only from the spirit of international humanitarianism, but also from the firm belief of a community with a shared future for mankind.
國際社會普遍贊賞中方支持幫助，巴基斯坦總統(tǒng)、塞爾維亞總統(tǒng)、意大利總理、歐盟委員會主席等都以各自的方式，對中國提供的支持表示感謝。非洲聯(lián)盟發(fā)表聲明，南非和津巴布韋總統(tǒng)分別發(fā)表講話，感謝中方對非洲國家抗疫的大力支持，稱中方援助是真正的友誼之舉，為全球抗疫合作樹立了榜樣。
China's kindness has been met with praise from the international community. Global leaders like the president of Pakistan, president of Serbia, prime minister of Italy, and the European Commission president have all expressed their gratitude to China for its help and support. The African Union and presidents of South Africa and Zimbabwe delivered separate speeches thanking China for its strong support of African countries in the fight against the pandemic, calling China's aid a gesture of true friendship, and hailing it as a good example of global anti-virus cooperation.
謠言16:“中國利用新冠病毒使西方經(jīng)濟(jì)癱瘓”
真相：中國經(jīng)濟(jì)與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)緊密相連，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)也受到疫情嚴(yán)重影響
Allegation No. 16: China intends to paralyze Western economies by spreading COVID-19.
Fact: China and the world are closely inter-linked through economies. The virus has also hit China's economy hard.
中國是多邊貿(mào)易體制的堅(jiān)定支持者。自2001年中國加入WTO以來，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)同世界經(jīng)濟(jì)融合越來越緊密。2019年，中國進(jìn)出口額高達(dá)31.54萬億人民幣，其中出口17.23萬億人民幣，約占經(jīng)濟(jì)總量的18%。中國與世界相互依存，只有世界經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行良好，才符合中國利益。
China has been a firm supporter of the multilateral trading system. Since China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, China's economy has become more and more integrated with the rest of the world. China's foreign trade rose to a historic high of 31.54 trillion yuan ($4.4 trillion) in 2019. Exports grew to 17.23 trillion yuan, which comprised about 18 percent of China's gross domestic product (GDP) last year. China and the world depend on each other. China's interests can only be served in a healthy global economy.
疫情突如其來，世界各國的經(jīng)濟(jì)都遭受到巨大沖擊，中國也不例外。今年第一季度，中國GDP下跌6.8%，為1992年中國開始統(tǒng)計(jì)季度GDP數(shù)據(jù)以來最低數(shù)值。
The COVID-19 outbreak has taken a heavy toll on global economies, China is also one of the victims. China's GDP shrank by 6.8 percent in the first three months of 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic, the weakest growth rate since 1992 when the country started publishing quarterly GDP data.
謠言17:“中國囤積防護(hù)物資有意限制出口”
真相：中國從來沒有限制出口，一直力所能及地向有關(guān)國家提供醫(yī)療防護(hù)物資
Allegation No. 17: China has been hoarding medical supplies and has restricted medical exports.
Fact: China has no restrictions on medical exports. Instead, China has been providing medical supplies to other countries to the best of its ability.
每年1、2月份是中國最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日春節(jié)時段，再加上今年突遇疫情暴發(fā)，生產(chǎn)等經(jīng)濟(jì)活動大面積“停擺”，國內(nèi)防疫物資需求激增，物資生產(chǎn)量和出口量有所下降，是情理之中的事。
The Spring Festival, the biggest traditional festival in China, usually falls in January and February. The sudden outbreak of the epidemic suspended production and other business activities in many areas and sparked a surge in domestic demand for anti-epidemic supplies. Therefore, it is reasonable that production and export of supplies have declined.
疫情發(fā)生以來，中方一直在克服自身困難的同時，力所能及地向有關(guān)國家提供醫(yī)療防護(hù)物資。中國從來沒有限制醫(yī)療物資出口。中方發(fā)布《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)防疫物資出口質(zhì)量監(jiān)管的公告》等政策措施，是為了更好地加強(qiáng)防疫物資出口質(zhì)量監(jiān)管，這也是對全球抗疫負(fù)責(zé)任。
Since the outbreak, despite a still formidable task of combating COVID-19 at home, China has been providing medical supplies to other countries. China has no restrictions on exporting medical supplies. Policy measures such as the announcement on further strengthening quality control of anti-epidemic supplies were introduced to improve quality control of medical supplies and ensure orderly and well-regulated export, which is a commitment to the global anti-pandemic battle.
根據(jù)中國商務(wù)部統(tǒng)計(jì)，3月1日至5月6日，中國通過市場化采購方式，已經(jīng)向194個國家和地區(qū)出口了防疫物資。另據(jù)中國海關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)，3月1日至4月30日，全國共驗(yàn)放出口口罩278億只，防護(hù)服1.3億套，呼吸機(jī)4.91萬臺。
According to the Ministry of Commerce of China, between March 1 and May 6, China met export orders for anti-pandemic supplies from 194 countries. According to statistics from China's General Administration of Customs, from March 1 to April 30, China exported 27.8 billion masks, 130 million protective suits, and 49,100 ventilators.
根據(jù)中國海關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)，3月1日至5月5日，中國向美國提供逾66億只口罩、3.44億雙外科手套、4409萬套防護(hù)服、675萬副護(hù)目鏡、近7500臺呼吸機(jī)。即便是蓬佩奧本人，也表示“我們期望中國繼續(xù)……向我們提供援助，并向我們出售這些商品”。
Statistics from China’s General Administration of Customs show that between March 1 and May 5, China exported to the US 6.6 billion masks, 344 million pairs of surgical gloves, 44.09 million protective suits, 6.75 million goggles, and nearly 7,500 ventilators.
Even US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo himself said that he hoped China would “continue to live up to its international obligations to provide that assistance to us and to sell us those goods.”
謠言18：“從中國進(jìn)口的醫(yī)用物品都是假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品”
真相：中國高度重視防疫物資質(zhì)量安全，部分問題源于使用不當(dāng)或中外標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不同
Allegation No.18: Medical items imported from China are shoddy products.
Fact: China attaches great importance to the quality and safety of anti-epidemic supplies. Some of the problems are due to improper use or different standards between China and foreign countries.
疫情發(fā)生以來，很多國家在中國市場采購醫(yī)療物資。3月30日，我國外交部在例行記者會上明確回應(yīng)，中方通過外交渠道推薦了有資質(zhì)的出口企業(yè)與外國采購商溝通協(xié)商，外方采購商沒有反映通過上述渠道采購的物資有質(zhì)量問題。
Since the outbreak, many countries have purchased medical supplies from the Chinese market. China’s Foreign Ministry spokesperson said at a regular press conference on March 30 that China recommended qualified companies to the foreign buyers via diplomatic channels and it hasn’t received any complaints from the buyers about the products purchased via the recommended channels.
關(guān)于荷蘭媒體稱從中國進(jìn)口的口罩存在“質(zhì)量問題”，據(jù)調(diào)查，那批口罩是荷蘭代理商自己采購的，中方企業(yè)發(fā)貨前已告知荷方此批口罩為非醫(yī)用口罩，出口報關(guān)手續(xù)也是以“非醫(yī)用口罩”名義履行的。關(guān)于有斯洛伐克政府官員質(zhì)疑自中國采購的快速檢測試劑盒可靠性問題，據(jù)了解是斯方醫(yī)務(wù)人員誤將慣用的核酸試劑檢測方法用于新購買的抗原試劑盒，造成結(jié)果不準(zhǔn)確。關(guān)于菲律賓衛(wèi)生部官員有關(guān)中國援菲檢測試劑準(zhǔn)確度的表態(tài)，菲律賓衛(wèi)生部也已做出澄清，指出中國政府捐贈的檢測試劑盒與世衛(wèi)組織提供的檢測試劑效果一致。
Concerning the quality problems of masks bought from China reported by Dutch media, it turns out that the masks were procured by Dutch agency companies. Investigation by Chinese authorities found that the Chinese company had informed the Dutch import company that the masks were non-surgical masks before the shipment. Export declaration procedures were also performed in the name of non-surgical masks.
Some Slovak officials questioned the reliability of the quick coronavirus test kits purchased from China. According to the investigation, Slovak medical workers used these antigen test kits incorrectly with a preceding method applicable to nucleic acid testing, which led to the inaccurate results.
Also, in response to Philippine health official's remarks on the accuracy of China-provided aid of testing reagents, the health department made clarifications that the test kits produce identical results with those provided by WHO.
中國政府高度重視防疫物資質(zhì)量安全。從3月31日起，中國政府已多次出臺政策，加強(qiáng)醫(yī)療物品出口質(zhì)量管理。商務(wù)部、海關(guān)總署、國家藥監(jiān)局聯(lián)合發(fā)布公告，要求出口的檢測試劑、醫(yī)用口罩、醫(yī)用防護(hù)服等5類產(chǎn)品必須取得國家藥品監(jiān)管部門相關(guān)資質(zhì)，符合進(jìn)口國（地區(qū)）質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。海關(guān)總署也已經(jīng)開始對醫(yī)用口罩等11類物品實(shí)施出口商品檢驗(yàn)。
The Chinese government attaches great importance to the quality and safety of medical supplies. Relevant authorities have stepped up joint actions to tighten quality control of medical exports and ensure proper export procedures.
Since March 31, the Chinese government has issued policies on many occasions, requiring that five types of exported goods including testing kits, medical masks and medical protective suits not only obtain relevant qualifications from the national drug regulatory authority, but also meet the quality standards of the importing country. Chinese customs has also started to require that 11 types of medical supplies such as medical masksbe inspected before being exported.
來源：人民日報
責(zé)任編輯：王曉蕾
